Many times, as a groundwater conservation district we focus on brush control as a water conservation practice, but due to recent fire outbreaks the topic lends itself to more than just saving water. Dry vegetation, high winds, low humidity, lack of rainfall, and above average temperatures have led to an unusual number of wildfires recently across the state. Fire has been used historically to maintain the prairies by recharging soils with nutrients, foster healthy, diverse perennials, and minimize the growth of invasive woody species. However, the perception of fires as being beneficial changed with the western progression of pioneers. As townships and croplands were developed, natural fires became a threat to development. Settlers soon planted trees for windbreaks and as communities grew, grasslands began to diminish. To some degree the settler’s perspective is still present today, resulting in fewer prairies and more brush.
Woody invaders like mesquite and cedar trees, not only drain groundwater resources, but they also provide fuel for fires and impact wildlife, livestock, and prairie grass species. Implementing brush control practices can cut down on volatile fire fuels and allow for more prairie and range grasses to flourish, thus providing more opportunities for groundwater recharge to occur. Dense tree and shrub populations prevent rainfall from ever hitting the ground before evaporation takes place. In a groundwater conservation sense, this could be detrimental in areas with minimal recharge rates due to the makeup of the aquifer. Comanche and Erath Counties will see increased aquifer water levels within two weeks, where Bosque and Coryell Counties, may not see any increased water levels for years. Many factors contribute to fire risks but controlling dense areas of brush can certainly provide more opportunities for groundwater recharge, less fire fuels, and more vegetation for wildlife and livestock.